Makkah (610-622 CE):
- The Prophet received his first revelation in the Cave of Hira, marking the beginning of his prophethood.
- He began preaching in secret, initially to his family and close friends.
- As the message spread, he faced intense persecution from the polytheistic Quraysh tribe, who saw Islam as a threat to their power and way of life.
- Despite the challenges, the Prophet continued to preach, emphasizing the oneness of God, social justice, and compassion.
- The early Muslim community in Makkah faced severe oppression, with many converts facing torture, imprisonment, and even death.
Madina (622-632 CE):
- After 13 years of persecution in Makkah, the Prophet migrated to Madina, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar (Hijri).
- In Madina, the Prophet established the first Islamic state, with a constitution that ensured justice, equality, and religious freedom.
- He continued to preach and teach, expanding the Muslim community and establishing the five pillars of Islam.
- The Madinan period saw significant military battles, including the Battle of Badr and the Battle of Uhud, as well as diplomatic efforts, such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyah.
- The Prophet’s preaching in Madina emphasized the importance of unity, forgiveness, and mercy, as well as the struggle against oppression and injustice.
Key events and sermons in Makkah and Madina include:
- The First Sermon in Makkah: The Prophet’s initial public preaching, emphasizing the oneness of God.
- The Night Journey (Isra’ and Mi’raj): The Prophet’s miraculous journey from Makkah to Jerusalem and ascension to heaven.
- The Farewell Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada’): The Prophet’s final sermon in Madina, emphasizing the importance of justice, compassion, and unity.
These two phases of the Prophet’s preaching laid the foundation for the spread of Islam, shaping the beliefs, values, and practices of the global Muslim community.
